Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycation End Products in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
Sample Size: 71 people that were diagnosed with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and 63 people that were healthy controls
Protocol: A total of 134 subjects were taken, with 71 of those people who were suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and 63 people that were healthy controls. The people who were suffering from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis were not in any therapy with Thyroxine. Different markers for oxidative stress, which are often hallmarks of many autoimmune conditions were measured through this study. These markers included derived oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), advanced glycation end products, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). All of these were measured an then compared between the Hashimoto Thyroiditis patients and then then control patients who were not diagnosed with the Hashimoto Thyroiditis.
Study Type: This is a cross sectional in vivo study.
Conclusion: Specifically, to the advanced glycation products, the AGE levels were at a higher level of 223.18 AU/g prot than in the controls which was at a level of 189.636 AU/g prot. The BAP level and the d-ROM level were found to be inversely correlated, which emphasizes the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. This may suggest that if were able to decrease the amount of AGEs within the body, it may contribute to a net decrease in the amount of oxidative stress in the body, which may decrease the severity of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and also other autoimmune disease that are largely caused by oxidative stress.
Ruggeri RM, Vicchio TM, Cristani M, Certo R, Caccamo D, Alibrandi A, Giovinazzo S, Saija A, Campennì A, Trimarchi F, Gangemi S. Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycation End Products in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid. 2016 Apr;26(4):504-11. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0592. Epub 2016 Mar 9. PMID: 26854840.
Determination of advanced glycation end-products and antibodies against them (anti-CML and anti-CEL) in the serum of Graves' orbitopathy patients before and after methylprednisolone treatment.
Level of Evidence: IV
Sample Size: The sample included 25 people from the Division of Endocrinology of the Medical University of Silesia suffering from Graves’ disease, 22 women and 3 men.
Protocol: The concentration of AGE-peptides using flow spectrofluorimetry method, and anti-CML and anti-CEL IgG antibodies using immunoenzymatic technique (ELISA), were measured in patients sera before and after methylprednisolone treatment.
Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxon T test was used to compare dependent data before and after the tests. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare data between the study and control group.
Study Type: Case control
Results: In sera of the study group the concentrations of AGE-peptides and anti-CML were significantly lower before and after treatment in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Mean values of anti-CEL concentrations were comparable (at both phases of treatment) with the value observed in the control group. After treatment the concentrations of AGE-peptides and anti-CEL significantly decreased (p < 0.05); however, the concentration of anti-CML was also lower but the observed change was not significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Patients suffering from Graves’ orbitopathy had a significantly lower concentration of IgGs against carboxymethyllysine and carboxyethyllysine before and after the study. The lack of correlation between obtained results and severity of GO could be explained by the natural history of GO; the primary demonstration of Thl cells and connected cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-1α) in the early stage of the disease indicates that cell-mediated immunity predominates in the initial phase of the disease. In the subsequent phases of GO, immune response is predominantly demonstrated by Th2 cells and cytokines.
Janusz Strzelczyk, Magdalena Szumska, Aleksandra Damasiewicz-Bodzek, Anna Krywult, Michał Długaszek, Justyna Czubilińska, Kaja Gawlik, Konrad Synowiec, Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder, Karolina Poczkaj, Beata Kos-Kudła. Determination of advanced glycation end-products and antibodies against them (anti-CML and anti-CEL) in the serum of Graves' orbitopathy patients before and after methylprednisolone treatment. DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2016.0047 Impact Factor: 1.322